Nitrogen Fertilizer

Nitrogen fertilizer, refers to nitrogen (N) as the main component, with N marked amount, applied to the soil can provide plant nitrogen nutrition unit fertilizer. Nitrogen fertilizer is the world's largest fertilizer production and use of fertilizer varieties.

Main types of nitrogen fertilizers

1. Ammonium nitrogen fertilizer: ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonia and liquid ammonia;

2. Nitrate nitrogen fertilizer: sodium nitrate, calcium nitrate;

3. Ammonium nitrate nitrogen fertilizer: ammonium nitrate, calcium ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulphonate;

4. amide nitrogen fertilizer: there are urea, calcium cyanamide (lime nitrogen).

5. Long-lasting nitrogen fertilizers (or slow-acting nitrogen fertilizers): long-lasting nitrogen fertilizers include synthetic organic nitrogen fertilizers and coated nitrogen fertilizers of two types (what is coated fertilizer?). In order to improve the efficacy and performance of fertilizers, the surface of its particles coated with a thin layer of other substances made of fertilizers). At present, there are also pure natural organic nitrogen fertilizers [e.g. Ankyuan Green Health (containing amino acid water-soluble fertilizers)

Ammonium Nitrogen Fertilizers

Ammonium nitrogen fertilizers include ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3), ammonium sulfate {(NH4)2SO4}, ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), ammonia (NH3.H2O), and liquid ammonia (NH3).

Common characteristics of ammonium nitrogen fertilizers:

1. Ammonium nitrogen fertilizer is easy to be adsorbed by soil colloid, and part of it enters the crystal layer of clay minerals.

2. Ammonium nitrogen is easily oxidized into nitrate.

3. Ammonia is easily volatilized and lost in alkaline environment.

4. High concentration of ammonium nitrogen is toxic to crops.

5. Crops absorb excessive ammonium nitrogen has certain inhibition effect on the absorption of calcium, magnesium and potassium.

Nitrate nitrogen fertilizer

Nitrate nitrogen fertilizers include sodium nitrate (NaNO3), calcium nitrate {Ca(NO3)2}, ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) and so on.

Common characteristics of nitrate nitrogen:

1. Soluble in water, moving faster in the soil.

2. NO3-absorption is the main absorption, and crops can easily absorb nitrate.

3. Nitrate fertilizer has no inhibitory effect on crop absorption of calcium, magnesium, potassium and other nutrients.

4. Nitrate is negatively charged anion, which cannot be adsorbed by soil colloid.

5. Nitrate is easily reduced to gas state (NO, N2O, N2) through denitrification and escapes from the soil.

Ammonium nitrate nitrogen fertilizer

Ammonium nitrate nitrogen fertilizers include ammonium nitrate, calcium ammonium nitrate, and ammonium sulfur nitrate.

Amide nitrogen fertilizer

Amide nitrogen fertilizer - urea {CO(NH2)2}, containing N46.7%, is the highest nitrogen content in solid nitrogen.

Uses

Nitrogen is a component of amino acids in plants and a constituent of proteins. It promotes photosynthesis, encourages leaf growth, and improves nutrient uptake by plants, thereby increasing plant yield and quality.

The main role of nitrogen fertilizer is to supply leaf growth and promote thick growth of branches, straw and stalks.

Other Uses

Regulating the amount of flowers

In order to overcome the apple land size of the year, in the case of small years, in the 5-6 weeks after the flower (apple flower bud differentiation of the critical period, the new growth is slow or stop, leaf nitrogen content is a downward trend) foliar spraying 0.5% urea aqueous solution, sprayed twice in a row, you can improve leaf nitrogen content, accelerate the growth of new growth inhibition of the flower bud differentiation, so that the amount of flowers suitable for large years.

Thinning flowers and fruits

Peach tree's flower organ is more sensitive to urea but ga surface response is more sluggish, therefore, the foreign use of urea on peach and nectarine flower and fruit thinning test, the results show that peach and nectarine flower thinning, the need for a larger concentration (7.4%) in order to show good results, the most suitable concentration of 8% -12%, sprayed within 1-2 weeks after the flowers and fruits, that is, the purpose of flower and fruit thinning can be achieved. However, under different land conditions, the response of different periods and different varieties need to be further tested.

Rice seed production

In hybrid rice seed production technology, in order to improve the heterosis rate of the parents to increase the amount of hybrid rice seed production or sterile line breeding, generally use gibberellin to spray the mother to reduce the degree of the mother's necking or to make it completely withdrawn; or spray the parents to regulate the growth of the two, so as to synchronize the flowering period. Due to the high price of gibberellin, the cost of seed production with it is high. People experiment with urea instead of gibberellin, using 1.5%-2% urea at the peak of pregnancy and the beginning of the spike period (20% of the spike), the breeding effect is similar to gibberellin and will not increase the height of the plant.

Prevention and control of insect pests

Use urea, washing powder, water 4:1:400 parts, stirring and mixing, can prevent aphids, red spiders, cabbage greenfly and other pests on fruit trees, vegetables, cotton, killing effect of more than 90%.

Urea Iron Fertilizer

Urea in the form of complexes, and Fe2+ form chelated iron. This organic iron fertilizer is low cost and has a good effect on the prevention of iron deficiency and greening. In addition to foliar spray 0.3% ferrous sulfate when adding 0.3% urea, the effect of prevention and control of greening is better than the single spray 0.3% ferrous sulfate.

Nitrogen deficiency general performance

In actual production, often encounter crops with insufficient or excessive nitrogen nutrition, the general performance of nitrogen deficiency is:

Plants are short and weak;

Leaves are yellow-green, yellow-orange and other abnormal green color, and the basal leaves gradually dry and wither;

Little root branching;

Cereal crops have significantly reduced tillers or even no tillers, poor differentiation of young spikes, less branching, small spikes, significant early senescence and early maturity of the crop, and lower yields.

Nitrogen excess general performance

The general performance of nitrogen overnutrition in crops is:

Growth is too luxuriant, axillary buds are constantly born, tillers are often too much, preventing the normal development of reproductive organs, so as to delay maturity;.

Leaves are thick green in color, and stems and leaves are tender and juicy.

The content of soluble non-protein nitrogen in the body is too high, and it is easy to be infested by pests and diseases.

Easy to fall over, cereal crops are not full of grain (low thousand grain weight), more blighted grains;

Cotton rotten bolls increase, boll shells are thick, and cotton fiber quality decreases;

Decreased sugar content of sugarcane;

Smaller potatoes in yams, bushy branches and leaves in leguminous crops, fewer pods, and lower crop yields.

Selection of nitrogen fertilizer

According to the characteristics of crops and soil properties

Rice should choose ammonium nitrogen fertilizer, especially ammonium chloride, urea effect is better; corn, wheat and other cereal crops with ammonium nitrogen fertilizer (such as ammonium carbon, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, urea) or nitrate nitrogen fertilizer (such as ammonium nitrate) is also effective; potatoes, sweet potatoes are also suitable for ammonium nitrogen fertilizer.

Ammonium nitrate improves the quality of tobacco, and the ammonium nitrogen in it improves the combustibility of tobacco. Chlorine-containing fertilizers (e.g. ammonium chloride), however, reduce the combustibility of tobacco and should be avoided.

In acidic soils, chemically alkaline or physiologically alkaline nitrogen fertilizers are preferred.

In saline soils, it is not advisable to shop for the application of ammonium chloride, which contains high chloride ions. In alkaline soils, although ammonium nitrogen fertilizers are easily absorbed and utilized by crops, care should be taken to prevent the decomposition and volatilization of ammonium nitrogen.